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Sapphire is usually heat treated to intensify the blue color, as well as remove inclusions to increase clarity.

It is standard industry practice to heat treat Sapphire gemstones, and most Sapphires used as gemstones have been heat treated.

Sapphire with a natural, unheated color is much more valuable then the heat treated material,

and gemstones of good quality can be extremely costly.

Sapphires are sometimes colored through diffusion treatment, which artificially alters the color of the original gemstone. 

Diffused Sapphires colors include deep blue, bright yellow, bright orange and orange-red.

The diffusion is often done by heat treating a stone in a beryllium metal overlay.

diffused Sapphire gemstones are fairly inexpensive despite their desirable color.

Because of all the color treatments and enhancements performed to Sapphire gemstones,

this information should always be fully disclosed to the buyer, and Sapphire should only be purchased from highly reputable dealers.

Important Sapphire sources include Sri Lanka, Burma (Myanmar), Thailand, Cambodia, Madagascar, Tanzania, Australia, and the U.S. (Montana).

The Kashmir region of India/Pakistan was famous for its Kashmir-blue Sapphire, but little material comes from there today.

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